Main page    Products Catalog    Navigation and Observation Systems 

Purpose

The SP-200 Ground Equipment is intended for emitting amplitude-modulated HF signals in the specified zone. The signals contain data received on board the aircraft equipped with the relevant receiving devices. The Ground Equipment provides for finding the aircraft position with reference to the runway during approach and landing phases.

The SP-200 Landing System meets the requirements of ICAO, Categories I, II, and III, provided that:

• the relief in the beam shaping zone of the Localizer and the Glide Path Beacon meets the requirements for Radio Beacon Systems installation ;
• the runway environment (as regards buildings, hangars, aircraft parking areas) does not influence the measured electromagnetic signals of the Localizer (LLZ) and the Glide Path Beacon (GPB).

Operational Principles of ILS

The ground equipment of SP–200 series sets the Glide Line (aircraft descent line) to provide for the aircraft orientation with reference to the runway axis during the approach and landing phases.

The Glide Line is formed by intersection of the course plane and the glide path plane.

The course plane is a vertical equisignal plane (Difference in Depth of Modulation – DDM equal to zero) passing through the runway axis and formed by the Localizer.

The glide path plane is a slope equisignal plane (of DDM equal to zero) forming the glide path angle with the horizontal plane, the glide path angle being pre-set for the given runway heading.

The Beacons are controlled by the Remote Control Equipment (RCE) via the communication line, the RCE placed in the ATC Tower or in some other Beacon Control Centre. The Beacons transmit their status signals to the RCE. The General Beacon Status Indication is also shown on the Information Panels placed in ATC tower or at some other Control Centers.

Localizer Overview

The LLZ (the On-course Beacon) is intended for emitting electromagnetic signals. These signals build planes with the DDMs of the carrier frequency by means of the signals equal to zero at 90 and 150 Hz. The nearest plane to the vertical plane which includes the runway axis intersects the glide path plane to form the course line. The course line thus received is used for orientation in the horizontal plane by the aircraft during the final approach and during landing in the automatic, semi-automatic and manual mode.

According to its operational principle the LLZ of SP-200 is a two-channel and two-frequency radio beacon. The SP-200 LLZ coverage area is formed with the help of two independent beam patterns (two channels) built by two carrier frequencies.

The "course" ("narrow") channel is employed within ±(3,5 – 8)° with reference to the runway axis (depending on the number of radiating elements in the LLZ Antenna: 14, 16, 20 or 24), the "clearance" ("broad") channel lies from the borders of the "course" channel up to ±35° with reference to the runway axis. The "course" channel is intended to lower the effects of the signals reflected from the local objects and relief irregularities that cause the course line distortion. Thus the "clearance" channel provides for the necessary width of the coverage area, and the "course" channel is responsible for the precision parameters of the Radio Beacon to meet the ICAO, Category III parameters. The carrier frequency of the "course" channel and the carrier frequency for the "clearance" channel are symmetrically placed relative to the nominal frequency selected according to the ICAO spectrum for the given airport.

The main LLZ equipment is situated in a standard Cabinet. The Cabinet may be installed either in a shelter (container) or in a fixed-site heated building.

Glide Path Beacon Overview

The Glide Path Beacon (GPB) is intended for emitting electromagnetic signals. These signals build planes with the DDMs of the carrier frequency modulated by means of the signals equal to zero at 90 and 150 Hz. The nearest plane to the horizontal plane (the glide path plane) intersects the course plane to form the glide path line. The glide path line thus received is used for orientation in the vertical plane by the aircraft during the final approach and during lan ding in the automatic, semi-automatic and manual mode.

According to its operational principle the GPB of SP-200 is a two-frequency radio beacon.

The SP-200 GPB coverage area is formed with the help of two independent beam patterns (two channels) built by two carrier frequencies.

At small angles to the horizon there is almost no radiation in the "course" channel, hence the reduction of signal re-reflections from the relief irregularities that cause the glide path line distortion. Thus the "clearance" channel provides for the necessary GPB coverage area at small angles, and the "course" channel is responsible for the precision parameters of the Radio Beacon. The carrier frequency of the "course" channel and the carrier frequency for the "clearance" channel are symmetrically placed with reference to the nominal frequency selected according to the ICAO spectrum for the given landing direction.

The basic GPB equipment is placed in a standard Cabinet that can be installed either in a Shelter (container) or in a fixed-site heated building.

ILS Technical Specifications

SP-200 basic parameters and technical specifications meet to ICAO requirements and recommendations.

The SP-200 equipment is developed on the basis of microprocessors, chips with high level of integrity, transistor VHF devices and strip -line VHF devices.

SP-200 provides for the remote control, parameter monitoring and radio beacon equipment diagnostics from the RCE installed in the ATC tower. The Local Control and equipment diagnostics is supported via the Software-Controlled System.

Radio Beacons do not require constant presence of the maintenance personnel in the equipment rooms of the Localizer and the Glide Path Beacon.

The system may comprise two or three marker beacons RММ–200, a DME of the RMD–90NP type, and a Localizer Far Zone Filed Control Device.

The System may include additional modems and a PC for improved controllability (to enhance both Local and Remote Control).

The transmitting equipment and the monitoring equipment have a 100% "hot" standby.

The turn-on time of the Radio Beacon prepared for operation does not exceed 2 minutes.

24-hours continuous operation.

The Climate Control System maintains the operational temperature in the LLZ and Glide Path Beacon equipment rooms within plus 5 to plus 40°С.

Main technical specifications of SP-200 LLZ

— Operating Channel Frequency in the Frequency range of	108,0...111,975 MHz
— Average radiation power at the LLZ aerial switch output to be set according to the results of Flight Tests in the range of:
for the “course” channel	3.0...6. watt
for the “clearance” channel	2.0...6.0 watt
— Modulation percentage of carrier frequencies of “course” and “clearance” channels modulated by signals of 90 and 150 Hz	20 ±2 %
— Deviation of zero of the DDM of carrier frequencies by the signals of 90 and 150 Hz	more than ±0.2 %
— DDM fluctuation with reference to the mean value,	not more than ±0.1 %
— The deviation of the modulating frequencies (90 and150 Hz) from nominal values	±0,5 %
— The course center line is set and maintained within the limits equivalent to the following displacements from the runway center line in the ILS reference point:
LLZ of ILS Category I	±10,5 m
LLZ of ILS Category II	±7,5 m
LLZ of ILS Category III	±3 m
— Coverage area calculated from the radio beacon antenna system center:
within ±10° from the course line	at least 46 km
within ±10 to ±35° from the course line	at least 32 km
in the vertical plane it is limited by the straight line passing through the Antenna System center with a tilt to the horizon	at least 7 degree
— LLZ cabinet dimensions and weight	553 x 400 x 1400 mm, not more than 100 kg

Main technical specifications of SP-200 GPB

— Operating Channel Frequency in the Frequency range of	328.6...335.4 MHz
— Average radiation power at the GPB aerial switch output to be set according to the results of Flight Tests in the range of:
for the “course” channel	2.0...4.0 watt
for the “clearance” channel	0.5...4.0 watt
— Modulation percentage of the “course” channel carrier frequency modulated by signals of 90 and 150 Hz	40 ±2.5%
— Deviation of zero of the DDM of carrier frequencies by the signals of 90 and 150 Hz	not more than ±0.4%
— DDM fluctuation with reference to the mean value, %	not more than ±0.2
— The deviation of the modulating frequencies (90 and150 Hz) from nominal values	not more than ±0.5%
— Allowable Glide Path Angle deviation
for the ILS GPB, Category I, II	±0.075°
for the ILS GPB, Category III	±0.04°
— Coverage Area:
in the horizontal plane with reference to the course line , degree	±8 km
in the vertical plane with reference to the horizon ,coverage range, at least	0.3 (0.45) to 1.75 km
coverage range, at least	18.5 km

Main technical specifications of ILS SP-200

— Power Supply
Main and reserve network	~220 V (187…264 V), 50 Hz (47…63 Hz)
Operational time from UPS	not less than 2 hours
— LLZ (GPB) consumed power (at thermo adjustment system is on)	not more than 4000 VA
— Major radio beacon equipment consumed power	not more than 300 VA
— Operating Conditions
— Equipment inside the control room
Temperature of ambient air	+5 to +50°C
— Equipment outside the control room
Temperature of ambient air	-50 to +50 °C
Wind load at wind speed up to	50 m/s
— Reliability
MTBF	not less than 20 000 h
Average lifetime	120 000 h
Life cycle	15 years

---

1996—2012 Azimut